nginx的安装

知识库大约 4 分钟

Nginx (engine x) 是一个轻量级的、高性能的、基于 Http 的、反向代理服务器，静态 web 服务器。

Nginx 的官网： http://nginx.orgopen in new window
nginx 中文文档：https://www.nginx.cn/doc/index.htmlopen in new window

nginx 源码安装（推荐）

########################
## Fancy美化索引目录-源码地址: https://github.com/aperezdc/ngx-fancyindex
## Fancy美化索引目录-主题地址: https://github.com/Naereen/Nginx-Fancyindex-Theme
########################
# 安装依赖库
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel openssl-devel
# 创建临时目录，编译完毕可删除（可选）
mkdir -p ~/app && cd ~/app
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.23.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.23.1.tar.gz
mv nginx-1.23.1 nginx
# Fancy美化索引目录
wget -O fancyindex.zip https://github.com/aperezdc/ngx-fancyindex/archive/v0.4.3.zip
unzip fancyindex.zip
mv ngx-fancyindex-* ngx-fancyindex
# 生成 makefile
cd ./nginx && ./configure \
      --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
      --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid \
      --with-cc-opt=-O2 \
      --with-http_stub_status_module \
      --with-http_ssl_module \
      --with-http_v2_module \
      --with-http_auth_request_module \
      --with-stream_ssl_module \
      --with-stream_ssl_preread_module \
      --add-module=../ngx-fancyindex
# 没有报错，开始编译安装
make && make install
# 编译安装完成，查看目录
ll /usr/local/nginx/
# 添加到环境变量
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

yum 安装

官网地址：http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.htmlopen in new window
易白教程：https://www.yiibai.com/nginx/nginx-install-linux-packages.htmlopen in new window

sudo yum install yum-utils
## 配置yum源
#rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo << EOF
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
EOF
yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline
## yum安装nginx
yum install nginx -y
## 一般情况下，nginx.conf文件在 /usr/local/nginx/conf  或者 /etc/nginx  或者 /usr/local/etc/nginx 目录下

离线安装

## rmp下载地址
# http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/
wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.22.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
## 检查是否安装了nginx
rpm -qa|grep nginx
## 卸载nginx
systemctl stop nginx && rpm -e nginx && rm -rf /etc/nginx/
## 安装nginx
rpm -ivh nginx-1.22.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
## 报错：libpcre2-8.so.0(openssl)(64bit) 被 nginx-1:1.22.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64 需要
## 缺少openssl， 直接rpm安装 http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/openssl-libs-1.0.2k-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh openssl-libs-1.0.2k-19.el7.x86_64.rpm --force

离线安装

mkdir ~/nginx && cd ~/nginx
yum -y install wget
wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
tar -xvzf nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
# yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=~/nginx/ gcc-c++
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=~/nginx/ pcre pcre-devel4
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=~/nginx/ zlib zlib-devel
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=~/nginx/ openssl openssl-devel
rpm -ivh --nodeps *.rpm
cd nginx-1.21.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
make && make install
# 编译安装完成，查看目录
ll /usr/local/nginx/
# 添加到环境变量
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

nginx 命令

# 查看 Nginx 命令的选项
nginx –h
# Nginx 版本信息
nginx –v
# 测试配置文件是否正确，默认只测试默认的配置文件 conf/nginx.conf。
nginx –t
# 测试配置文件是否正确，并显示配置文件内容。
nginx –T
# 在配置文件测试过程中，禁止显示非错误信息，即只显示错误信息。
nginx –tq
# 可以结合-c 选项指定要测试的配置文件。注意，其不会启动 nginx。
nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf -t

# 强制停止 Nginx，无论当前工作进程是否正在处理工作。
nginx –s stop
# 优雅停止 Nginx，使当前的工作进程完成当前工作后停止
nginx –s quit
# 在不重启 Nginx 的前提下重新加载 Nginx 配置文件，称为平滑重启。
nginx -s reload
# 重新打开日志文件。
nginx –s reopen

# 指定 Nginx 配置文件的存放路径。
nginx –p /usr/local/nginx/
# nginx –c（小写字母）可启动 Nginx，启动成功后无任何提示。默认加载的是 Nginx 安装目录下的 conf/nginx.cnf。
nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

# 查看进程运行时间
ps -eo pid,user,lstart,etime,cmd | grep nginx
# 查看已经建立连接的数量
netstat -an | grep ESTABLISHED | wc -l
# 查看80端口的连接数
netstat -an | grep ":80" | wc -l

# 检查配置文件的是否正确 只显示错误信息
nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf –tq
# 重新加载配置文件
nginx -s reload
# 优雅退出
nginx –s quit

nginx 开机自启

cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Documentation=man:nginx(8)
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -q -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;' -s reload
ExecStop=-/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=mixed

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable nginx && systemctl start nginx && systemctl status nginx

脚本部署

脚本内容

#!/bin/bash
ck_ok()
{
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]
        then
                echo "$1 error."
                exit 1
        fi
}

download_ng()
{
    cd  /usr/local/src
    if [ -f nginx-1.23.0.tar.gz ]
    then
        echo "当前目录已经存在nginx-1.23.0.tar.gz"
        echo "检测md5"
        ng_md5=`md5sum nginx-1.23.0.tar.gz|awk '{print $1}'`
        if [ ${ng_md5} == 'e8768e388f26fb3d56a3c88055345219' ]
        then
            return 0
        else
            sudo /bin/mv nginx-1.23.0.tar.gz nginx-1.23.0.tar.gz.old
        fi
    fi

    sudo curl -O http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.23.0.tar.gz
    ck_ok "下载Nginx"
}
install_ng()
{
    cd /usr/local/src
    echo "解压Nginx"
    sudo tar zxf nginx-1.23.0.tar.gz
    ck_ok "解压Nginx"
    cd nginx-1.23.0


    echo "安装依赖"
    if which yum >/dev/null 2>&1
    then
        ## RHEL/Rocky
        for pkg in gcc make pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
        do
            if ! rpm -q $pkg >/dev/null 2>&1
            then
                sudo yum install -y $pkg
                ck_ok "yum 安装$pkg"
            else
                echo "$pkg已经安装"
            fi
        done
    fi


    if which apt >/dev/null 2>&1
    then
        ##ubuntu
        for pkg in make libpcre++-dev  libssl-dev  zlib1g-dev
        do
            if ! dpkg -l $pkg >/dev/null 2>&1
            then
                sudo apt install -y $pkg
                ck_ok "apt 安装$pkg"
            else
                echo "$pkg已经安装"
            fi
        done
    fi

    echo "configure Nginx"
    sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx  --with-http_ssl_module
    ck_ok "Configure Nginx"


    echo "编译和安装"
    sudo make && sudo make install
    ck_ok "编译和安装"


    echo "编辑systemd服务管理脚本"


    cat > /tmp/nginx.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/bin/sh -c "/bin/kill -s HUP \$(/bin/cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid)"
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c "/bin/kill -s TERM \$(/bin/cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid)"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

    sudo /bin/mv /tmp/nginx.service /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
    ck_ok "编辑nginx.service"

    echo "加载服务"
    sudo systemctl unmask nginx.service
    sudo  systemctl daemon-reload
    sudo systemctl enable nginx
    echo "启动Nginx"
    sudo systemctl start nginx
    ck_ok "启动Nginx"
}

download_ng
install_ng

执行脚本

chmod +x nginx_install.sh && ./nginx_install.sh

nginx的安装

# nginx 源码安装（推荐）

# yum 安装

# 离线安装

# 离线安装

# nginx 命令

# nginx 开机自启

# 脚本部署

# 脚本内容

# 执行脚本

nginx 源码安装（推荐）

yum 安装

离线安装

离线安装

nginx 命令

nginx 开机自启

脚本部署

脚本内容

执行脚本