CSS技巧
大约 10 分钟
浏览器的兼容性
- 网络上已经有成熟的css代码库为我们解决浏览器不一致问题，例如normalize.css、minireset和ress，你可以在你的项目中引用它们。
- 如果你不想使用第三方代码库，你可以使用下面的样式来进行一个非常基本的css reset：
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
上面的代码看起来有些霸道，将所有元素的内外边距都设置为0了，而正是没有了这些默认内外边距的影响，使得我们后面的css设置会更加的容易。
同时box-sizing: border-box也是一个很棒的设置，我们紧接着就会介绍它。
所有元素设置为Border-box
大多数初学者都不知道box-sizing这个属性，但实际上它非常重要。box-sizing属性有两个值：
- content-box（默认） - 当我们设置一个元素的宽度或高度时，就是设置它的内容的大小。所有的padding和边框值都不包含。
例如，一个div的宽度设置为100，padding为10，于是这个元素将占用120像素（100+2*10）。
- border-box - padding与边框包含在元素的宽度或高度中，一个设置为width: 100px和box-sizing:border-box的div元素，他的总宽度就是100px，无论它的内边距和边框有多少。
垂直对齐
如果你用CSS，则你会有困惑：我该怎么垂直对齐容器中的元素？现在，利用CSS3的Transform，可以很优雅的解决这个困惑：
[vanilla]
<html>
<div class="div">
<div>垂直居中</div>
</div>
</html>
<style>
.div{ width: 200px;height: 160px;border: 1px solid; }
.div>div{ width: 80px;height: 50px;border: 1px solid;}
/*垂直居中*/
.div>div{position: relative; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);-o-transform: translateY(-50%);transform: translateY(-50%);}
</style>
使用这个技巧，从单行文本、段落到box，都会垂直对齐。目前浏览器对Transform的支持是需要关注的.
Chrome 4, Opera 10, Safari 3, Firefox 3, and Internet Explorer 9均支持该属性。
内容垂直居中
[vanilla]
<html>
<div class="container">内容垂直居中</div>
</html>
<style>
.container{width: 300px;height: 50px;border: 1px solid;}
.container {
min-height: 6.5em;
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
}
</style>
背景渐变动画
CSS中最具诱惑的一个功能是能添加动画效果，除了渐变，你可以给背景色、透明度、元素大小添加动画。目前，你不能为渐变添加动画，但下面的代码可能有帮助。它通过改变背景位置，让它看起来有动画效果。
[vanilla]
<html>
<button class="button">背景渐变动画</button>
</html>
<style>
.button {cursor: pointer;}
.button {
background-image: linear-gradient(#5187c4, #1c2f45);
background-size: auto 200%;
background-position: 0 100%;
transition: background-position 0.5s;
}
.button:hover {
background-position: 0 0;
}
</style>
用CSS动画实现省略号动画
[vanilla]
<html>
<div class="loading">这个片段将帮助你制造一个ellipsis的动画，对于简单的加载状态是很有用的，而不用去使用gif图像</div>
</html>
<style>
.loading:after {
overflow: hidden;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: bottom;
animation: ellipsis 2s infinite;
content: "\2026"; /* ascii code for the ellipsis character */
}
@keyframes ellipsis {
from {
width: 2px;
}
to {
width: 15px;
}
}
</style>
跨浏览器的透明
[vanilla]
<html>
<div class="transparent">跨浏览器的透明</div>
</html>
<style>
.transparent{width: 300px;height: 50px;border: 1px solid}
.transparent {
filter: alpha(opacity=50); /* internet explorer */
-khtml-opacity: 0.5; /* khtml, old safari */
-moz-opacity: 0.5; /* mozilla, netscape */
opacity: 0.5; /* fx, safari, opera */
}
</style>
图片边框偏光
[vanilla]
<html>
<img class="polaroid" src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1597984936832&di=5f577cd7cf2f8d24630aec5d7bca7140&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Ft8.baidu.com%2Fit%2Fu%3D1484500186%2C1503043093%26fm%3D79%26app%3D86%26f%3DJPEG%3Fw%3D1280%26h%3D853" alt="" width="100" height="100">
</html>
<style>
img.polaroid {
background:#000; /*Change this to a background image or remove*/
border:solid #fff;
border-width:6px 6px 20px 6px;
box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333; /* Standard blur at 5px. Increase for more depth */
-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333;
-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333;
height:200px; /*Set to height of your image or desired div*/
width:200px; /*Set to width of your image or desired div*/
}
</style>
CSS实现全局灰色
html{
-webkit-filter: grayscale(100%);
-moz-filter: grayscale(100%);
-ms-filter: grayscale(100%);
-o-filter: grayscale(100%);
filter: grayscale(100%);
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(grayscale=1);
}
CSS3：全屏背景
[vanilla]
<html>
<div class="full_bg"><span>全屏背景</span></div>
</html>
<style>
div.full_bg {
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
}
div.full_bg {
background: url('https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1597984936832&di=5f577cd7cf2f8d24630aec5d7bca7140&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Ft8.baidu.com%2Fit%2Fu%3D1484500186%2C1503043093%26fm%3D79%26app%3D86%26f%3DJPEG%3Fw%3D1280%26h%3D853') no-repeat center center fixed;
-webkit-background-size: cover;
-moz-background-size: cover;
-o-background-size: cover;
background-size: cover;
}
</style>
缝合CSS3元素
[vanilla]
<html>
<p class="fenghe"><a>缝合CSS3元素</a></p>
</html>
<style>
p.fenghe {
position:relative;
z-index:1;
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
font-size: 21px;
line-height: 1.3em;
color: #fff;
background: #ff0030;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ff0030, 2px 1px 4px 4px rgba(10,10,0,.5);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ff0030, 2px 1px 4px 4px rgba(10,10,0,.5);
box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ff0030, 2px 1px 6px 4px rgba(10,10,0,.5);
-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
-moz-border-radius: 3px;
border-radius: 3px;
}
p.fenghe:before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
z-index: -1;
top: 3px;
bottom: 3px;
left :3px;
right: 3px;
border: 2px dashed #fff;}
p.fenghe a {
color: #fff;
text-decoration:none;
}
p.fenghe a:hover, p a:focus, p a:active {
text-decoration:underline;
}
</style>
大字段落
[vanilla]
<html>
<p class="big-p">大字段落</p>
</html>
<style>
p.big-p:first-letter{
display: block;
margin: 5px 0 0 5px;
float: left;
color: #ff3366;
font-size: 5.4em;
font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;
}
</style>
内部CSS3 盒阴影
[vanilla]
<html>
<div class="mydiv"></div>
</html>
<style>
.mydiv {width: 50px;height: 50px;border: 1px solid}
.mydiv {
-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
-webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
}
</style>
三角形列表项目符号
[vanilla]
<html>
<ul class="triangle">
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
</ul>
</html>
<style>
ul.triangle {
margin: 0.75em 0;
padding: 0 1em;
list-style: none;
}
ul.triangle>li:before {
content: "";
border-color: transparent #111;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0.35em 0 0.35em 0.45em;
display: block;
height: 0;
width: 0;
left: -1em;
top: 0.9em;
position: relative;
}
</style>
CSS3 圆点图案/方格图案
[vanilla]
<html>
<div class="pattern"></div>
</html>
<style>
div.pattern{width: 600px;height: 200px;border: 1px solid}
/*圆点图案*/
div.pattern {
background: radial-gradient(circle, white 10%, transparent 10%),
radial-gradient(circle, white 10%, black 10%) 50px 50px;
background-size: 100px 100px;
}
/*方格图案
/*div.pattern {
background-color: white;
background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, black 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 75%, black 75%, black),
linear-gradient(45deg, black 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 75%, black 75%, black);
background-size: 100px 100px;
background-position: 0 0, 50px 50px;
}*/
</style>
论文页面的卷曲效果
[vanilla]
<html>
<ul class="box">
<li>论文页面的卷曲效果</li>
<li>论文页面的卷曲效果</li>
</ul>
</html>
<style>
ul.box {
position: relative;
z-index: 1; /* prevent shadows falling behind containers with backgrounds */
overflow: hidden;
list-style: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
ul.box li {
position: relative;
float: left;
width: 250px;
height: 150px;
padding: 0;
border: 1px solid #efefef;
margin: 0 30px 30px 0;
background: #fff;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset;
-moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset;
box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset;
}
ul.box li:before,
ul.box li:after {
content: '';
z-index: -1;
position: absolute;
left: 10px;
bottom: 10px;
width: 70%;
max-width: 300px; /* avoid rotation causing ugly appearance at large container widths */
max-height: 100px;
height: 55%;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
-moz-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
-ms-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
-o-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
}
ul.box li:after {
left: auto;
right: 10px;
-webkit-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
-moz-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
-ms-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
-o-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
}
</style>
带CSS3特色的横幅显示
[vanilla]
<html>
<div class="featureBanner"></div>
</html>
<style>
.featureBanner {
position: relative;
margin: 20px;
height: 20px;
}
.featureBanner:before {
content: "带CSS3特色的横幅显示";
position: absolute;
top: 5px;
left: -8px;
padding-right: 10px;
color: #232323;
font-weight: bold;
height: 0px;
border: 15px solid #ffa200;
border-right-color: transparent;
line-height: 0px;
box-shadow: -0px 5px 5px -5px #000;
z-index: 1;
}
.featureBanner:after {
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: 35px;
left: -8px;
border: 4px solid #89540c;
border-left-color: transparent;
border-bottom-color: transparent;
}
</style>
持久的列表排序
[vanilla]
<html>
<ol class="chapters">
<li>从12开始</li>
<li>依次累加</li>
</ol>
</html>
<style>
ol.chapters {
list-style: none;
margin-left: 0;
}
ol.chapters > li:before {
content: counter(chapter) ". ";
counter-increment: chapter;
font-weight: bold;
float: left;
width: 40px;
}
ol.chapters li {
clear: left;
}
ol.chapters {
counter-reset: chapter;
}
ol.chapters {
counter-reset: chapter 11;
}
</style>
深灰色的圆形按钮
[vanilla]
<html>
<button class="graybtn">深灰色的圆形按钮</button>
</html>
<style>
button.graybtn {
-moz-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #ffffff), color-stop(1, #d1d1d1) );
background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #ffffff 5%, #d1d1d1 100% );
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffffff', endColorstr='#d1d1d1');
background-color:#ffffff;
-moz-border-radius:6px;
-webkit-border-radius:6px;
border-radius:6px;
border:1px solid #dcdcdc;
display:inline-block;
color:#777777;
font-family:arial;
font-size:15px;
font-weight:bold;
padding:6px 24px;
text-decoration:none;
text-shadow:1px 1px 0px #ffffff;
cursor: pointer;
}
button.graybtn:hover {
background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #d1d1d1), color-stop(1, #ffffff) );
background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #d1d1d1 5%, #ffffff 100% );
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#d1d1d1', endColorstr='#ffffff');
background-color:#d1d1d1;}
button.graybtn:active {
position:relative;
top:1px;
}
</style>
CSS引用模板
blockquote {
background: #f9f9f9;
border-left: 10px solid #ccc;
margin: 1.5em 10px;
padding: .5em 10px;
quotes: "\201C""\201D""\2018""\2019";
}
blockquote:before {
color: #ccc;
content: open-quote;
font-size: 4em;
line-height: .1em;
margin-right: .25em;
vertical-align: -.4em;
}
blockquote p {
display: inline;
}
自定义文本选择
::selection { background: #e2eae2; }
::-moz-selection { background: #e2eae2; }
::-webkit-selection { background: #e2eae2; }
锚链接伪类
a:link { color: blue; }
a:visited { color: purple; }
a:hover { color: red; }
a:active { color: yellow; }
CSS3 列文本
#columns-3 {
text-align: justify;
-moz-column-count: 3;
-moz-column-gap: 12px;
-moz-column-rule: 1px solid #c4c8cc;
-webkit-column-count: 3;
-webkit-column-gap: 12px;
-webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #c4c8cc;
}
IE6的PNG透明修复40、跨浏览器设置最小高度41、CSS3 鲜艳的输入
.bg {
width:200px;
height:100px;
background: url(/folder/yourimage.png) no-repeat;
_background:none;
_filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/folder/yourimage.png',sizingMethod='crop');
}
/* 1px gif method */
img, .png {
position: relative;
behavior: expression((this.runtimeStyle.behavior="none")&&(this.pngSet?this.pngSet=true:(this.nodeName == "IMG" && this.src.toLowerCase().indexOf('.png')>-1?(this.runtimeStyle.backgroundImage = "none",
this.runtimeStyle.filter = "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='" + this.src + "', sizingMethod='image')",
this.src = "images/transparent.gif"):(this.origBg = this.origBg? this.origBg :this.currentStyle.backgroundImage.toString().replace('url("','').replace('")',''),
this.runtimeStyle.filter = "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='" + this.origBg + "', sizingMethod='crop')",
this.runtimeStyle.backgroundImage = "none")),this.pngSet=true));
}
强制换行
pre {
white-space: pre-wrap; /* css-3 */
white-space: -moz-pre-wrap; /* Mozilla, since 1999 */
white-space: -pre-wrap; /* Opera 4-6 */
white-space: -o-pre-wrap; /* Opera 7 */
word-wrap: break-word; /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */
}
网页顶部盒阴影
body:before {
content: "";
position: fixed;
top: -10px;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 10px;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.8);
-moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.8);
box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.8);
z-index: 100;
}
CSS3对话气泡
.chat-bubble {
background-color: #ededed;
border: 2px solid #666;
font-size: 35px;
line-height: 1.3em;
margin: 10px auto;
padding: 10px;
position: relative;
text-align: center;
width: 300px;
-moz-border-radius: 20px;
-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
-moz-box-shadow: 0 0 5px #888;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 5px #888;
font-family: 'Bangers', arial, serif;
}
.chat-bubble-arrow-border {
border-color: #666 transparent transparent transparent;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 20px;
height: 0;
width: 0;
position: absolute;
bottom: -42px;
left: 30px;
}
.chat-bubble-arrow {
border-color: #ededed transparent transparent transparent;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 20px;
height: 0;
width: 0;
position: absolute;
bottom: -39px;
left: 30px;
}
纯CSS背景噪音
body {
background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,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);
background-color: #0094d0;
}
CSS悬浮提示文本
a {
border-bottom:1px solid #bbb;
color:#666;
display:inline-block;
position:relative;
text-decoration:none;
}
a:hover,a:focus { color:#36c;}
a:active {top:1px;}
/* Tooltip styling */
a[data-tooltip]:after {
border-top: 8px solid #222;
border-top: 8px solid hsla(0,0%,0%,.85);
border-left: 8px solid transparent;
border-right: 8px solid transparent;
content: "";
display: none;
height: 0;
width: 0;
left: 25%;
position: absolute;
}
a[data-tooltip]:before {
background: #222;
background: hsla(0,0%,0%,.85);
color: #f6f6f6;
content: attr(data-tooltip);
display: none;
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 14px;
height: 32px;
left: 0;
line-height: 32px;
padding: 0 15px;
position: absolute;
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px hsla(0,0%,0%,1);
white-space: nowrap;
-webkit-border-radius: 5px;
-moz-border-radius: 5px;
-o-border-radius: 5px;
border-radius: 5px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:hover:after {
display: block;
top: -9px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:hover:before {
display: block;
top: -41px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:active:after {
top: -10px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:active:before {
top: -42px;
}
在可打印的网页中显示URLs
@media print {
a:after {
content: " [" attr(href) "] ";
}
}
禁用移动Webkit的选择高亮
body {
-webkit-touch-callout: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none;
-moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
}
CSS font属性缩写
p {
font: italic small-caps bold 1.2em/1.0em Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica;
}
鲜艳的锚链接
a { color: #00e;}
a:visited { color: #551a8b;}
a:hover { color: #06e;}
a:focus { outline: thin dotted;}
a:hover, a:active { outline: 0;}
a, a:visited, a:active {
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
-webkit-transition: all .3s ease-in-out;
}
a:hover, .glow {
color: #ff0;
text-shadow: 0 0 10px #ff0;
}