跳至主要內容

SpringBoot零宕机发布

知识库容器技术kubernetes实战kubernetes大约 7 分钟

K8s + SpringBoot 实现零宕机发布:健康检查+滚动更新+优雅停机+弹性伸缩+Prometheus 监控+配置分离(镜像复用)

1、健康检查

健康检查类型:就绪探针(readiness)+ 存活探针(liveness)

探针类型:exec(进入容器执行脚本)、tcpSocket(探测端口)、httpGet(调用接口)

业务层面

项目依赖 pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

定义访问端口、路径及权限 application.yaml

management:
  server:
    port: 50000 ## 启用独立运维端口
  endpoint: ## 开启health端点
    health:
      probes:
        enabled: true
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        base-path: /actuator ## 指定上下文路径,启用相应端点
        include: health

将暴露/actuator/health/readiness 和/actuator/health/liveness 两个接口,访问方式如下:

http://127.0.0.1:50000/actuator/health/readinessopen in new window

http://127.0.0.1:50000/actuator/health/livenessopen in new window

运维层面

k8s 部署模版 deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: { APP_NAME }
          image: { IMAGE_URL }
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: { APP_PORT }
            - name: management-port
              containerPort: 50000 # 应用管理端口
          readinessProbe: # 就绪探针
            httpGet:
              path: /actuator/health/readiness
              port: management-port
            initialDelaySeconds: 30 # 延迟加载时间
            periodSeconds: 10 # 重试时间间隔
            timeoutSeconds: 1 # 超时时间设置
            successThreshold: 1 # 健康阈值
            failureThreshold: 6 # 不健康阈值
          livenessProbe: # 存活探针
            httpGet:
              path: /actuator/health/liveness
              port: management-port
            initialDelaySeconds: 30 # 延迟加载时间
            periodSeconds: 10 # 重试时间间隔
            timeoutSeconds: 1 # 超时时间设置
            successThreshold: 1 # 健康阈值
            failureThreshold: 6 # 不健康阈值

2、滚动更新

k8s 资源调度之滚动更新策略,若要实现零宕机发布,需支持健康检查

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: { APP_NAME }
  labels:
    app: { APP_NAME }
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: { APP_NAME }
  replicas: { REPLICAS } # Pod副本数
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate # 滚动更新策略
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1 # 升级过程中最多可以比原先设置的副本数多出的数量
      maxUnavailable: 1 # 升级过程中最多有多少个POD处于无法提供服务的状态

3、优雅停机

在 K8s 中,当我们实现滚动升级之前,务必要实现应用级别的优雅停机。否则滚动升级时,还是会影响到业务。使应用关闭线程、释放连接资源后再停止服务

业务层面

项目依赖 pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

定义访问端口、路径及权限 application.yaml

spring:
  application:
    name: <xxx>
  profiles:
    active: @profileActive@
  lifecycle:
    timeout-per-shutdown-phase: 30s     # 停机过程超时时长设置30s,超过30s,直接停机

server:
  port: 8080
  shutdown: graceful                    # 默认为IMMEDIATE,表示立即关机;GRACEFUL表示优雅关机

management:
  server:
    port: 50000                         # 启用独立运维端口
  endpoint:                             # 开启shutdown和health端点
    shutdown:
      enabled: true
    health:
      probes:
        enabled: true
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        base-path: /actuator            # 指定上下文路径,启用相应端点
        include: health,shutdown

将暴露/actuator/shutdown 接口,调用方式如下:

curl -X POST 127.0.0.1:50000/actuator/shutdown

运维层面

确保 dockerfile 模版集成 curl 工具,否则无法使用 curl 命令

FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpine
#构建参数
ARG JAR_FILE
ARG WORK_PATH="/app"
ARG EXPOSE_PORT=8080

#环境变量
ENV JAVA_OPTS=""\
    JAR_FILE=${JAR_FILE}

#设置时区
RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apk/repositories  \
    && apk add --no-cache curl
#将maven目录的jar包拷贝到docker中,并命名为for_docker.jar
COPY target/$JAR_FILE $WORK_PATH/


#设置工作目录
WORKDIR $WORK_PATH


# 指定于外界交互的端口
EXPOSE $EXPOSE_PORT
# 配置容器,使其可执行化
ENTRYPOINT exec java $JAVA_OPTS -jar $JAR_FILE

k8s 部署模版 deployment.yaml

注:经验证,java 项目可省略结束回调钩子的配置

此外,若需使用回调钩子,需保证镜像中包含 curl 工具,且需注意应用管理端口(50000)不能暴露到公网

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: { APP_NAME }
          image: { IMAGE_URL }
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: { APP_PORT }
            - containerPort: 50000
          lifecycle:
            preStop: # 结束回调钩子
              exec:
                command: ["curl", "-XPOST", "127.0.0.1:50000/actuator/shutdown"]

4、弹性伸缩

为 pod 设置资源限制后,创建 HPA

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: { APP_NAME }
  labels:
    app: { APP_NAME }
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: { APP_NAME }
          image: { IMAGE_URL }
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          resources: # 容器资源管理
            limits: # 资源限制(监控使用情况)
              cpu: 0.5
              memory: 1Gi
            requests: # 最小可用资源(灵活调度)
              cpu: 0.15
              memory: 300Mi
---
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler # 弹性伸缩控制器
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2beta2
metadata:
  name: { APP_NAME }
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: { APP_NAME }
  minReplicas: { REPLICAS } # 缩放范围
  maxReplicas: 6
  metrics:
    - type: Resource
      resource:
        name: cpu # 指定资源指标
        target:
          type: Utilization
          averageUtilization: 50

5、Prometheus 集成

业务层面

项目依赖 pom.xml

<!-- 引入Spring boot的监控机制-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
    <artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId>
</dependency>

定义访问端口、路径及权限 application.yaml

management:
  server:
    port: 50000 # 启用独立运维端口
  metrics:
    tag:
      application: ${spring.application.name}
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        base-path: /actuator # 指定上下文路径,启用相应端点
        include: metrics,prometheus

将暴露/actuator/metric 和/actuator/prometheus 接口,访问方式如下:

http://127.0.0.1:50000/actuator/metricopen in new window

http://127.0.0.1:50000/actuator/prometheusopen in new window

运维层面

deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      annotations:
        prometheus:io/port: "50000"
        prometheus.io/path: /actuator/prometheus # 在流水线中赋值
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true" # 基于pod的服务发现

6、配置分离

方案:通过 configmap 挂载外部配置文件,并指定激活环境运行

作用:配置分离,避免敏感信息泄露;镜像复用,提高交付效率

通过文件生成 configmap

# 通过dry-run的方式生成yaml文件
kubectl create cm -n <namespace> <APP_NAME> --from-file=application-test.yaml --dry-run=1 -oyaml > configmap.yaml

# 更新
kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml

挂载 configmap 并指定激活环境

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: { APP_NAME }
  labels:
    app: { APP_NAME }
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: { APP_NAME }
          image: { IMAGE_URL }
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          env:
            - name: SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE # 指定激活环境
              value: test
          volumeMounts: # 挂载configmap
            - name: conf
              mountPath: "/app/config" # 与Dockerfile中工作目录一致
              readOnly: true
      volumes:
        - name: conf
          configMap:
            name: { APP_NAME }

终极配置

业务层面

项目依赖 pom.xml

<!-- 引入Spring boot的监控机制-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
    <artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId>
</dependency>

定义访问端口、路径及权限 application.yaml

spring:
  application:
    name: project-sample
  profiles:
    active: @profileActive@
  lifecycle:
    timeout-per-shutdown-phase: 30s     # 停机过程超时时长设置30s,超过30s,直接停机

server:
  port: 8080
  shutdown: graceful                    # 默认为IMMEDIATE,表示立即关机;GRACEFUL表示优雅关机

management:
  server:
    port: 50000                         # 启用独立运维端口
  metrics:
    tag:
      application: ${spring.application.name}
  endpoint:                             # 开启shutdown和health端点
    shutdown:
      enabled: true
    health:
      probes:
        enabled: true
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        base-path: /actuator            # 指定上下文路径,启用相应端点
        include: health,shutdown,metrics,prometheus

运维层面

确保 dockerfile 模版集成 curl 工具,否则无法使用 curl 命令

FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpine
#构建参数
ARG JAR_FILE
ARG WORK_PATH="/app"
ARG EXPOSE_PORT=8080

#环境变量
ENV JAVA_OPTS=""\
    JAR_FILE=${JAR_FILE}

#设置时区
RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apk/repositories  \
    && apk add --no-cache curl
#将maven目录的jar包拷贝到docker中,并命名为for_docker.jar
COPY target/$JAR_FILE $WORK_PATH/


#设置工作目录
WORKDIR $WORK_PATH


# 指定于外界交互的端口
EXPOSE $EXPOSE_PORT
# 配置容器,使其可执行化
ENTRYPOINT exec java $JAVA_OPTS -jar $JAR_FILE

k8s 部署模版 deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: { APP_NAME }
  labels:
    app: { APP_NAME }
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: { APP_NAME }
  replicas: { REPLICAS } # Pod副本数
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate # 滚动更新策略
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      name: { APP_NAME }
      labels:
        app: { APP_NAME }
      annotations:
        timestamp: { TIMESTAMP }
        prometheus.io/port: "50000" # 不能动态赋值
        prometheus.io/path: /actuator/prometheus
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true" # 基于pod的服务发现
    spec:
      affinity: # 设置调度策略,采取多主机/多可用区部署
        podAntiAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - weight: 100
              podAffinityTerm:
                labelSelector:
                  matchExpressions:
                    - key: app
                      operator: In
                      values:
                        - { APP_NAME }
                topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname" # 多可用区为"topology.kubernetes.io/zone"
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30 # 优雅终止宽限期
      containers:
        - name: { APP_NAME }
          image: { IMAGE_URL }
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: { APP_PORT }
            - name: management-port
              containerPort: 50000 # 应用管理端口
          readinessProbe: # 就绪探针
            httpGet:
              path: /actuator/health/readiness
              port: management-port
            initialDelaySeconds: 30 # 延迟加载时间
            periodSeconds: 10 # 重试时间间隔
            timeoutSeconds: 1 # 超时时间设置
            successThreshold: 1 # 健康阈值
            failureThreshold: 9 # 不健康阈值
          livenessProbe: # 存活探针
            httpGet:
              path: /actuator/health/liveness
              port: management-port
            initialDelaySeconds: 30 # 延迟加载时间
            periodSeconds: 10 # 重试时间间隔
            timeoutSeconds: 1 # 超时时间设置
            successThreshold: 1 # 健康阈值
            failureThreshold: 6 # 不健康阈值
          resources: # 容器资源管理
            limits: # 资源限制(监控使用情况)
              cpu: 0.5
              memory: 1Gi
            requests: # 最小可用资源(灵活调度)
              cpu: 0.1
              memory: 200Mi
          env:
            - name: TZ
              value: Asia/Shanghai
---
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler # 弹性伸缩控制器
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2beta2
metadata:
  name: { APP_NAME }
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: { APP_NAME }
  minReplicas: { REPLICAS } # 缩放范围
  maxReplicas: 6
  metrics:
    - type: Resource
      resource:
        name: cpu # 指定资源指标
        target:
          type: Utilization
          averageUtilization: 50